0x00 安全引言
1、传统Web应用与新兴移动应用
(1)传统Web应用:浏览器 HTTP 服务器
(2)新兴移动应用:APP HTTP 服务器
从安全角度看,传统Web应用与新兴移动应用没有本质区别
2、Web应用安全的核心问题是什么?
用户提交的数据不可信是Web应用程序核心安全问题
用户可以提交任意输入
例如:
√ 请求参数->多次提交或者不提交
√ 修改Cookie
√ 修改HTTP信息头
√ 请求顺序->跳过或者打乱
3、Web应用防御
(1)完善的异常处理
(2)监控
(3)日志:记录重要业务、异常的详细请求信息
4、对输入的处理
建议采用:白名单
尽量避免:净化或黑名单
0x01 SQL注入
1、原理:
(1)合法输入:
#!sql
id=1
SELECT * FROM users WHRER id='1';
(2)恶意注入:
#!sql
id=1' or '1'='1
SELECT * FROM users WHRER id='1' or 'a'='a';
2、Java代码分析(JDBC)
(1)不合规代码(SQL参数拼接)
#!java
public class SQLInject {
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception{
//正常输入
select("1");
// 恶意输入
select("' or 'a'='a");
}
public static void select(String id){
//声明Connection对象
Connection con;
//驱动程序名
String driver = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
//URL指向要访问的数据库名mydata
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis";
//MySQL配置时的用户名
String user = "root";
//MySQL配置时的密码
String password = "budi";
//遍历查询结果集
try {
//加载驱动程序
Class.forName(driver);
//1.getConnection()方法,连接MySQL数据库!!
con = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
if(!con.isClosed())
System.out.println("Succeeded connecting to the Database!");
//2.创建statement类对象,用来执行SQL语句!!
Statement statement = con.createStatement();
//要执行的SQL语句
String sql = "select * from users where id='"+id+"'";
//3.ResultSet类,用来存放获取的结果集!!
ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery(sql);
System.out.println("-----------------");
System.out.println("执行结果如下所示:");
System.out.println("-----------------");
String age,name;
while(rs.next()){
//获取stuname这列数据
name = rs.getString("name");
//获取stuid这列数据
age = rs.getString("age");
//输出结果
System.out.println(name + "\t" + age);
}
rs.close();
con.close();
} catch(ClassNotFoundException e) {
//数据库驱动类异常处理
System.out.println("Sorry,can`t find the Driver!");
e.printStackTrace();
} catch(SQLException e) {
//数据库连接失败异常处理
e.printStackTrace();
}catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
System.out.println("数据库数据成功获取!!");
}
}
}
执行结果:
#!shell
SQL Paramter:1
-----------------
budi 27
-----------------
SQL Paramter:' or 'a'='a
-----------------
budi 27
budisploit 28
-----------------
(2)合规代码(参数化查询)
#!java
public class SQLFormat {
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception{
select("1");
select("' or 'a'='a");
}
public static void select(String id){
//声明Connection对象
Connection con;
//驱动程序名
String driver = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
//URL指向要访问的数据库名mydata
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis";
//MySQL配置时的用户名
String user = "root";
//MySQL配置时的密码
String password = "budi";
//遍历查询结果集
try {
//加载驱动程序
Class.forName(driver);
//1.getConnection()方法,连接MySQL数据库!!
con = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
if(!con.isClosed())
System.out.println("Succeeded connecting to the Database!");
//2.//要执行的SQL语句
String sql = "select * from users where id=?";
//3.创建statement类对象,ResultSet类,用来存放获取的结果集!!
PreparedStatement stmt = con.prepareStatement(sql);
stmt.setString(1, id);
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery();
System.out.println("-----------------");
System.out.println("执行结果如下所示:");
System.out.println("-----------------");
String age,name;
while(rs.next()){
//获取stuname这列数据
name = rs.getString("name");
//获取stuid这列数据
age = rs.getString("age");
//输出结果
System.out.println(name + "\t" + age);
}
rs.close();
con.close();
} catch(ClassNotFoundException e) {
//数据库驱动类异常处理
System.out.println("Sorry,can`t find the Driver!");
e.printStackTrace();
} catch(SQLException e) {
//数据库连接失败异常处理
e.printStackTrace();
}catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
System.out.println("数据库数据成功获取!!");
}
}
}
执行结果:
#!shell
SQL Paramter:1
-----------------
budi 27
-----------------
SQL Paramter:' or 'a'='a
-----------------
-----------------
3、防范建议:
√ 采用参数查询即预编译方式(首选)
√ 字符串过滤
0x02 XML注入
1、原理
(1)合法输入:
#!xml
quantity=1
<item>
<name>apple</name>
<price>500.0</price>
<quantity>1</quantity>
<item>
(2)恶意输入:
#!xml
quantity=1</quantity><price>5.0</price><quantity>1
<item>
<name>apple</name>
<price>500.0</price>
<quantity>1</quantity><price>5.0</price><quantity>1</quantity>
<item>
2、Java代码分析
(1)不合规代码(未进行安全检查)
#!java
public class XMLInject2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 正常输入
ArrayList<Map<String, String>> normalList=(ArrayList<Map<String, String>>)
ReadXML("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\xml\\inject\\normal.xml","price");
System.out.println(normalList.toString());
// 异常输入
ArrayList<Map<String, String>> evilList=(ArrayList<Map<String, String>>)
ReadXML("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\xml\\inject\\evil.xml","price");
System.out.println(evilList.toString());
}
private static List<Map<String,String>> ReadXML(String uri,String NodeName){
try {
//创建一个解析XML的工厂对象
SAXParserFactory parserFactory=SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
//创建一个解析XML的对象
SAXParser parser=parserFactory.newSAXParser();
//创建一个解析助手类
MyHandler myhandler=new MyHandler(NodeName);
parser.parse(uri, myhandler);
return myhandler.getList();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
}
运行结果:
#!shell
正常输入结果:[{price=500.0}]
恶意输入结果:[{price=500.0}, {price=5.0}]
(2)合规代码(利用schema安全检查)
#!xml
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<xs:element name="item">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="name" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="price" type="xs:decimal"/>
<xs:element name="quantity" type="xs:integer"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
测试代码
#!java
public class XMLFormat{
public static void main(String[] args) {
//测试正常输入
test("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\xml\\inject\\normal.xml");
//测试异常输入
test("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\xml\\inject\\evil.xml");
}
private static void test(String file) {
SchemaFactory schemaFactory = SchemaFactory
.newInstance("XMLConstants.W3C_XML_SCHEMA_NS_URI");
Schema schema;
try {
schema = schemaFactory.newSchema(new File("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\xml\\inject\\schema.xsd"));
Validator validator = schema.newValidator();
validator.setErrorHandler(new ErrorHandler() {
public void warning(SAXParseException exception)
throws SAXException {
System.out.println("警告:" + exception);
}
public void fatalError(SAXParseException exception)
throws SAXException {
System.out.println("致命:" + exception);
}
public void error(SAXParseException exception) throws SAXException {
System.out.println("错误:" + exception);
}
});
validator.validate(new StreamSource(new File(file)));
System.out.println("解析正常");;
} catch (SAXException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
//e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("解析异常");
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
//e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("解析异常");
}
}
}
运行结果:
#!shell
正常输入........
解析正常
恶意输入........
错误:org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; systemId: file:/D:/JavaWorkspace/TestInput/src/cn/com/budi/xml/inject/evil.xml; lineNumber: 7; columnNumber: 10; cvc-complex-type.2.4.d: 发现了以元素 'price' 开头的无效内容。此处不应含有子元素。
3、防范建议:
√ 文档类型定义(Document Type Definition,DTD)
√ XML结构化定义文件(XML Schemas Definition)
√ 白名单
0x03 XXE (XML external entity)
1、原理:
(1)合法输入:
#!xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE updateProfile [<!ENTITY lastname "Hello, Budi!">
<!ENTITY file SYSTEM "file:///D:/test.txt">]>
<users >
<firstname>&file</firstname>
<lastname>&lastname;</lastname>
</users>
(2)恶意输入:
#!xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE updateProfile [<!ENTITY file SYSTEM "file:///D:/password.txt"> ]>
<users >
<firstname>&file;</firstname>
<lastname>&lastname;</lastname>
</users>
2、Java代码分析
(1)不合规代码(未安全检查外部实体)
#!java
public class XXEInject {
private static void receiveXMLStream(InputStream inStream, MyDefaultHandler defaultHandler) {
// 1.获取基于SAX的解析器的实例
SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
// 2.创建一个SAXParser实例
SAXParser saxParser = factory.newSAXParser();
// 3.解析
saxParser.parse(inStream, defaultHandler);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException, ParserConfigurationException, SAXException, IOException{
//正常输入
receiveXMLStream(new FileInputStream("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\xml\\xxe\\inject\\normal.xml"),
new MyDefaultHandler());
//恶意输入
receiveXMLStream(new FileInputStream("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\xml\\xxe\\inject\\evil.xml"),
new MyDefaultHandler());
}
}
运行结果:
#!shell
正常输入,等待解析......
<firstname>XEE TEST !!</firstname>
==========================
恶意输入,等待解析......
<firstname>OWASP BWA root/owaspbwa
Metasploitable msfadmin/msfadmin
Kali Liunx root/wangpeng
</firstname>
(2)合规代码(安全检查外部实体)
#!java
public class CustomResolver implements EntityResolver{
public InputSource resolveEntity(String publicId, String systemId) throws SAXException, IOException{
//System.out.println("PUBLIC:"+publicId);
//System.out.println("SYSTEM:"+systemId);
System.out.println("引用实体检测....");
String entityPath = "file:///D:/test.txt";
if (systemId.equals(entityPath)){
System.out.println("合法解析:"+systemId);
return new InputSource(entityPath);
}else{
System.out.println("非法实体:"+systemId);
return new InputSource();
}
}
}
测试代码
#!java
public class XXEFormat {
private static void receiveXMLStream(InputStream inStream, MyDefaultHandler defaultHandler) {
// 获取基于SAX的解析器的实例
SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
// 创建一个SAXParser实例
SAXParser saxParser;
try {
saxParser = factory.newSAXParser();
//创建读取工具
XMLReader reader = saxParser.getXMLReader();
reader.setEntityResolver(new CustomResolver());
reader.setErrorHandler(defaultHandler);
InputSource is = new InputSource(inStream);
reader.parse(is);
System.out.println("\t成功解析完成!");
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
System.out.println("\t非法解析!");
} catch (SAXException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
System.out.println("\t非法解析!");
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
System.out.println("\t非法解析!");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ParserConfigurationException, SAXException, IOException{
//正常输入
System.out.println("正常输入,等待解析......");
receiveXMLStream(new FileInputStream("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\xml\\xxe\\inject\\normal.xml"),
new MyDefaultHandler());
System.out.println("==========================");
//恶意输入
System.out.println("恶意输入,等待解析......");
receiveXMLStream(new FileInputStream("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\xml\\xxe\\inject\\evil.xml"),
new MyDefaultHandler());
}
}
运行结果:
#!shell
正常输入,等待解析......
引用实体检测....
合法解析:file:///D:/test.txt
成功解析完成!
==========================
恶意输入,等待解析......
引用实体检测....
非法实体:file:///D:/password.txt
非法解析!
3、防范建议:
√ 白名单
0x04命令注入
1、原理:
(1)正常输入:
#!shell
dir
(2)恶意输入:
#!shell
dir & ipconfig & net user budi budi /add & net localgroup Administrators admin /add
2、Java代码分析
(1)非合规Window命令注入
#!java
public class OrderWinFault {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//正常命令
runOrder("dir");
//恶意命令
runOrder("dir & ipconfig & net user budi budi /add & net localgroup Administrators admin /add");
}
private static void runOrder(String order) throws IOException, InterruptedException{
Runtime rt = Runtime.getRuntime();
Process proc = rt.exec("cmd.exe /C "+order);
int result = proc.waitFor();
if(result !=0){
System.out.println("process error: "+ result);
}
InputStream in = (result == 0)? proc.getInputStream() : proc.getErrorStream();
BufferedReader reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
StringBuffer buffer=new StringBuffer();
String line;
while((line = reader.readLine())!=null){
buffer.append(line+"\n");
}
System.out.print(buffer.toString());
}
}
(2)非合规的Linux注入命令
#!java
public class OrderLinuxFault {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
// 正常命令
runOrder("ls");
// 恶意命令
runOrder(" ls & ifconfig");
}
private static void runOrder(String order) throws IOException, InterruptedException{
Runtime rt = Runtime.getRuntime();
Process proc = rt.exec(new String [] {"sh", "-c", "ls "+order});
int result = proc.waitFor();
if(result !=0){
System.out.println("process error: "+ result);
}
InputStream in = (result == 0)? proc.getInputStream() : proc.getErrorStream();
BufferedReader reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
StringBuffer buffer=new StringBuffer();
String line;
while((line = reader.readLine())!=null){
buffer.append(line+"\n");
}
System.out.print(buffer.toString());
}
}
(3)合规编码(对命令安全检查)
#!java
public class OrderFormat {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
runOrder("dir");
runOrder("dir & ipconfig & net user budi budi /add & net localgroup Administrators admin /add");
}
private static void runOrder(String order) throws IOException, InterruptedException{
if (!Pattern.matches("[0-9A-Za-z@.]+", order)){
System.out.println("存在非法命令");
return;
}
Runtime rt = Runtime.getRuntime();
Process proc = rt.exec("cmd.exe /C "+order);
int result = proc.waitFor();
if(result !=0){
System.out.println("process error: "+ result);
}
InputStream in = (result == 0)? proc.getInputStream() : proc.getErrorStream();
BufferedReader reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
StringBuffer buffer=new StringBuffer();
String line;
while((line = reader.readLine())!=null){
buffer.append(line+"\n");
}
System.out.print(buffer.toString());
}
}
3、防范建议:
√ 白名单
√ 严格权限限制
√ 采用命令标号
0x05 压缩炸弹(zip bomb)
(1)合法输入:
#!shell
普通压缩比文件normal.zip
(2)恶意输入:
#!shell
高压缩比文件evil.zip
2、Java代码分析
#!java
public class ZipFault {
static final int BUFFER = 512;
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
System.out.println("正常压缩文件.......");
checkzip("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\zip\\normal.zip");
System.out.println("恶意压缩文件.......");
checkzip("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\zip\\evil.zip");
}
private static void checkzip(String filename) throws IOException{
BufferedOutputStream dest = null;
FileInputStream fls = new FileInputStream(filename);
ZipInputStream zis = new ZipInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(fls));
ZipEntry entry;
long begin = System.currentTimeMillis();
while ((entry = zis.getNextEntry()) != null){
System.out.println("Extracting:" + entry+"\t解压后大小:"+entry.getSize());
int count;
byte data[] = new byte[BUFFER];
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("D:/"+entry.getName());
dest = new BufferedOutputStream(fos, BUFFER);
while ((count = zis.read(data, 0, BUFFER))!=-1){
dest.write(data,0, count);
}
dest.flush();
dest.close();
}
zis.close();
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("解压缩执行耗时:" + (end - begin) + " 豪秒");
}
}
运行结果:
#!shell
正常压缩文件.......
Extracting:normal.txt 解压后大小:17496386
解压缩执行耗时:382 豪秒
恶意压缩文件.......
Extracting:evil.txt 解压后大小:2000000000
解压缩执行耗时:25911 豪秒
(2)合规代码
#!java
public class ZipFormat {
static final int BUFFER = 512;
static final int TOOBIG = 0x640000;
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
checkzip("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\zip\\normal.zip");
checkzip("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\zip\\evil.zip");
}
private static void checkzip(String filename) throws IOException{
BufferedOutputStream dest = null;
FileInputStream fls = new FileInputStream(filename);
ZipInputStream zis = new ZipInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(fls));
ZipEntry entry;
long begin = System.currentTimeMillis();
while ((entry = zis.getNextEntry()) != null){
System.out.println("Extracting:" + entry+"\t解压后大小:"+entry.getSize());
if (entry.getSize() > TOOBIG){
System.out.println("压缩文件过大");
break;
}
if (entry.getSize() == -1){
System.out.println("文件大小异常");
}
int count;
byte data[] = new byte[BUFFER];
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("D:/"+entry.getName());
dest = new BufferedOutputStream(fos, BUFFER);
while ((count = zis.read(data, 0, BUFFER))!=-1){
dest.write(data,0, count);
}
dest.flush();
dest.close();
}
zis.close();
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("解压缩执行耗时:" + (end - begin) + " 豪秒");
}
}
运行结果:
#!shell
正常文件.........
Extracting:normal.txt 解压后大小:17496386
解压缩执行耗时:378 豪秒
===================
恶意文件.........
Extracting:evil.txt 解压后大小:2000000000
压缩文件过大
解压缩执行耗时:0 豪秒
3、防范建议:
√ 解压前检查解压后文件大小
0x06 正则表达式注入
1、原理:
(1)合法输入
#!shell
search=error
拼接后
#!shell
(.*? +public\\[\\d+\\]+.*error.*)
(2)恶意输入
#!shell
search=.*)|(.*
拼接后
#!shell
(.*? +public\\[\\d+\\]+.*.*)|(.*.*)
2、Java代码分析
(1)非合规代码(未进行安全检查)
#!java
public class RegexFault {
/**
* 以行为单位读取文件,常用于读面向行的格式化文件
*/
public static void readFileByLines(String filename,String search) {
File file = new File(filename);
BufferedReader reader = null;
String regex ="(.*? +public\\[\\d+\\] +.*"+search+".*)";
System.out.println("正则表达式:"+regex);
try {
reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file));
String tempString = null;
int line = 1;
System.out.println("查找开始......");
// 一次读入一行,直到读入null为文件结束
while ((tempString = reader.readLine()) != null) {
//System.out.println("line " + line + ": " + tempString);
if(Pattern.matches(regex, tempString)){
// 显示行号
System.out.println("line " + line + ": " + tempString);
}
line++;
}
reader.close();
System.out.println("查找结束....");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (reader != null) {
try {
reader.close();
} catch (IOException e1) {
}
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args){
//正常输入
readFileByLines("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\regex\\regex.log","error");
//恶意输入
readFileByLines("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\regex\\regex.log",".*)|(.*");
}
}
运行结果:
#!shell
正常输入......
正则表达式:(.*? +public\[\d+\] +.*error.*)
line 5: 10:48:08 public[48964] Backup failed with error: 19
============================
恶意输入......
正则表达式:(.*? +public\[\d+\] +.*.*)|(.*.*)
line 1: 10:47:03 private[423] Successful logout name: budi ssn: 111223333
line 2: 10:47:04 public[48964] Failed to resolve network service
line 3: 10:47:04 public[1] (public.message[49367]) Exited with exit code: 255
line 4: 10:47:43 private[423] Successful login name: budisploit ssn: 444556666
line 5: 10:48:08 public[48964] Backup failed with error: 19
(2)合规代码(进行安全检查)
#!java
public class RegexFormat {
/**
* 检测是否存在非法字符
* @param search
*/
private static boolean validate(String search){
for (int i = 0; i< search.length(); i++){
char ch = search.charAt(i);
if(!(Character.isLetterOrDigit(ch) || ch ==' ' || ch =='\'')){
System.out.println("存在非法字符,查找失败....");
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/**
* 以行为单位读取文件,常用于读面向行的格式化文件
*/
public static void readFileByLines(String filename,String search) {
if(!validate(search)){
return;
}
File file = new File(filename);
BufferedReader reader = null;
String regex ="(.*? +public\\[\\d+\\] +.*"+search+".*)";
System.out.println("正则表达式:"+regex);
try {
reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file));
String tempString = null;
int line = 1;
System.out.println("查找开始......");
// 一次读入一行,直到读入null为文件结束
while ((tempString = reader.readLine()) != null) {
//System.out.println("line " + line + ": " + tempString);
if(Pattern.matches(regex, tempString)){
// 显示行号
System.out.println("line " + line + ": " + tempString);
}
line++;
}
reader.close();
System.out.println("查找结束....");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (reader != null) {
try {
reader.close();
} catch (IOException e1) {
}
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args){
//正常输入
System.out.println("正常输入......");
readFileByLines("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\regex\\regex.log","error");
System.out.println("============================");
//恶意输入
System.out.println("恶意输入......");
readFileByLines("D:\\JavaWorkspace\\TestInput\\src\\cn\\com\\budi\\regex\\regex.log",".*)|(.*");
}
}
运行结果:
#!shell
============================
正常输入......
正则表达式:(.*? +public\[\d+\] +.*error.*)
line 5: 10:48:08 public[48964] Backup failed with error: 19
============================
恶意输入......
存在非法字符,查找失败....
3、防范建议:
√ 白名单
0x07 未净化输入
(1)日志记录
正常输入:
#!shell
budi
日志记录:
#!shell
User Login Successed for: budi
恶意输入:
#!shell
budi \nUser Login Successed for: administrator
日志记录:
#!shell
User Login Failed for: budi
User Login Successed for: administrator
(2)更新用户名
正常输入:
#!sql
username=budi
SQL查询:
#!sql
SELECT * FROM users WHRER id='budi';
恶意输入:
#!sql
username=budi' or 'a'='a
SQL查询:
#!sql
SELECT * FROM users WHRER id='budi' or 'a'='a';
2、Java代码分析
(1)非合规代码(未安全检查)
#!java
public class LogFault {
private static void writeLog( boolean isLogin,String username){
if(isLogin){
System.out.println("User Login Successed for: "+username);
}else{
System.out.println("User Login Failed for: "+username);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args){
String test1= "budi";
System.out.println("正常用户登录成功后,记录日志.....");
//正常用户登录成功后,记录日志
writeLog(true, test1);
//恶意用户登录失败,记录日志
String test2 = "budi \nUser Login Successed for: administrator";
System.out.println("恶意用户登录失败,记录日志.....");
writeLog(false, test2);
}
}
运行结果:
#!shell
正常用户登录成功后,记录日志.....
User Login Successed for: budi
恶意用户登录失败,记录日志.....
User Login Failed for: budi
User Login Successed for: administrator
(2)合规代码(安全检查)
#!java
public class LoginFormat {
private static void writeLog( boolean isLogin,String username){
if(!Pattern.matches("[A-Za-z0-9_]+", username)){
System.out.println("User Login Failed for Unknow User");
}else if(isLogin){
System.out.println("User Login Successed for: "+username);
}else{
System.out.println("User Login Failed for: "+username);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args){
String test1= "budi";
System.out.println("正常用户登录成功后,记录日志.....");
writeLog(true, test1);
String test2 = "budi \nUser Login Successed for: administrator";
System.out.println("恶意用户登录失败,记录日志.....");
writeLog(false, test2);
}
}
运行结果:
#!shell
正常用户登录成功后,记录日志.....
User Login Successed for: budi
恶意用户登录失败,记录日志.....
User Login Failed for Unknow User
3、防范建议:
√ 先检测用户输入,强烈建议直接拒绝带非法字符的数据
0x08 路径遍历
1、原理:
(1)正常输入:
#!shell
john.txt
(2)恶意输入:
#!shell
../../a.txt"
2、Java代码分析
(1)非合规代码(未安全检查)
#!java
public class PathFault {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
System.out.println("合法输入.......");
readFile("john.txt");
System.out.println("\n恶意输入.......");
readFile("../../a.txt");
}
private static void readFile(String path) throws IOException{
File f = new File("F://passwords//"+path);
String absPath = f.getAbsolutePath();
FileOutputStream fls = new FileOutputStream(f);
System.out.print("绝对路径:"+absPath);
if(!isInSecureDir(Paths.get(absPath))){
System.out.println("->非安全路径");
return;
}
System.out.print("->安全路径");
}
private static boolean isInSecureDir(Path path){
if(!path.startsWith("F://passwords//")){
return false;
};
return true;
}
}
运行结果:
#!shell
合法输入.......
绝对路径:F:\passwords\john.txt->安全路径
恶意输入.......
绝对路径:F:\passwords\..\..\a.txt->安全路径
(2)合规代码(先统一路径表示)
#!java
public class PathFormat {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
System.out.println("合法输入.......");
readFile("john.txt");
System.out.println("/n恶意输入.......");
readFile("../../a.txt");
}
private static void readFile(String path) throws IOException{
File f = new File("F://passwords//"+path);
String canonicalPath = f.getCanonicalPath();
System.out.println("绝对路径"+canonicalPath);
FileInputStream fls = new FileInputStream(f);
if(!isInSecureDir(Paths.get(canonicalPath))){
System.out.print("非安全路径");
return;
}
System.out.print("安全路径");
}
private static boolean isInSecureDir(Path path){
if(!path.startsWith("F://passwords//")){
return false;
};
return true;
}
}
运行结果:
#!shell
合法输入.......
绝对路径F:\passwords\john.txt->安全路径
恶意输入.......
绝对路径F:\a.txt->非安全路径
3、防范建议
√ 严格的权限限制->安全管理器
√ getCanonicalPath()在所有平台上对所有别名、快捷方式、符号链接采用统一的解析。
0x09 格式化字符串
1、原理:
(1)正常输入:
11
正常拼接:
#!shell
System.out.printf("11 did not match! HINT: It was issued on %1$te rd of some month\n", c);
(2)恶意输入:
#!shell
%1$tm或%1$te或%1$tY
恶意拼接:
#!shell
System.out.printf("%1$tm did not match! HINT: It was issued on %1$te rd of some month\n", c);
2、Java代码分析
(1)非合规代码:
#!java
public class DateFault {
static Calendar c = new GregorianCalendar(2016, GregorianCalendar.MAY, 23);
public static void main(String[] args){
//正常用户输入
System.out.println("正常用户输入.....");
format("11");
System.out.println("非正常输入获取月份.....");
format("%1$tm");
System.out.println("非正常输入获取日.....");
format("%1$te");
System.out.println("非正常输入获取年份.....");
format("%1$tY");
}
private static void format(String month){
System.out.printf(month+" did not match! HINT: It was issued on %1$te rd of some month\n", c);
}
}
运行结果:
#!shell
11 did not match! HINT: It was issued on 23rd of some month
非正常输入获取月份.....
05 did not match! HINT: It was issued on 23rd of some month
非正常输入获取日.....
23 did not match! HINT: It was issued on 23rd of some month
非正常输入获取年份.....
2016 did not match! HINT: It was issued on 23rd of some month
(2)合规代码:
#!java
public class DateFormat {
static Calendar c = new GregorianCalendar(2016, GregorianCalendar.MAY, 23);
public static void main(String[] args){
//正常用户输入
System.out.println("正常用户输入.....");
format("11");
System.out.println("非正常输入获取月份.....");
format("%1$tm");
System.out.println("非正常输入获取日.....");
format("%1$te");
System.out.println("非正常输入获取年份.....");
format("%1$tY");
}
private static void format(String month){
System.out.printf("%s did not match! HINT: It was issued on %1$te rd of some month\n", month, c);
}
}
运行结果:
#!shell
正常用户输入.....
11 did not match! HINT: It was issued on
Exception in thread "main" java.util.IllegalFormatConversionException: e != java.lang.String
3、防范建议:
√ 对用户输入进行安全检查
√ 在格式字符串中,杜绝使用用户输入参数
0x0A 字符串标准化
1、原理:
(1)合法输入:
#!shell
username=budi
(2)恶意输入一:
#!shell
username=/><script>alert(1)</script>
username=/\uFE65\uFE64script\uFE65alert(1) \uFE64/script\uFE65
(3)恶意输入二:
#!shell
username=A\uD8AB
username=A?
2、Java代码分析
(1)非合规代码(先检查再统一编码)
#!java
public class EncodeFault {
public static void main(String[] args){
System.out.println("未编码的非法字符");
check("/><script>alert(2)</script>");
System.out.println("Unicode编码的非法字符");
check("/\uFE65\uFE64script\uFE65alert(1) \uFE64/script\uFE65");
}
public static void check(String s){
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("[<>]");
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(s);
if (matcher.find()){
System.out.println(s+"->存在非法字符");
}else{
System.out.println(s+"->合法字符");
}
s = Normalizer.normalize(s, Form.NFC);
}
}
运行结果:
#!shell
未编码的非法字符
/><script>alert(2)</script>->存在非法字符
Unicode编码的非法字符
/﹥﹤script﹥alert(1) ﹤/script﹥->合法字符
(3)合规代码(先统一编码再检查)
#!java
public class EncodeFormat {
public static void main(String[] args){
System.out.println("未编码的非法字符");
check("/><script>alert(2)</script>");
System.out.println("Unicode编码的非法字符");
check("/\uFE65\uFE64script\uFE65alert(1)\uFE64/script\uFE65");
}
public static void check(String s){
s = Normalizer.normalize(s, Form.NFC);
// 用\uFFFD替代非Unicode编码字符
s = s.replaceAll("^\\p{ASCII}]", "\uFFFD");
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("[<>]");
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(s);
if (matcher.find()){
System.out.println(s+"->存在非法字符");
}else{
System.out.println(s+"->合法字符");
}
}
}
运行结果:
#!shell
未编码的非法字符
/><script>alert(2)</script>->存在非法字符
Unicode编码的非法字符
/><script>alert(1)</script>->存在非法字符
3、防范建议:
√ 先按指定编码方式标准化字符串,再检查非法输入
√ 检测非法字符
0x0B 最后总结
- 从安全角度看,移动应用与传统Web应用没有本质区别。
- 安全的Web应用必须处理好两件事:
- 处理好用户的输入(HTTP请求)
- 处理好应用的输出(HTTP响应)
参考文献: 《Java安全编码标准》